Notre Dame windows undergo restoration in Cologne
February 11, 2023
Matthias Deml, an art historian and spokesman for the Cologne Cathedral Builders Works, remembers the evening of April 15, 2019, well. "I sat in front of the TV, shocked and stunned," he said. Meter-high flames were bursting from the roof of the world-famous Notre Dame Gothic cathedral in Paris.
The fire destroyed the wooden roof truss made of 1,300 oak beams, dubbed "la foret," or the forest. The heat melted the roof made of 250 tons of lead, and the wooden crossing tower collapsed. It wasn't until a day later that the fire department was able to extinguish the flames. To this day, no one knows what started it — perhaps it was a short circuit, perhaps a discarded cigarette butt.
Four years later, Deml's colleagues Katrin Wittstadt and Elodie Schneider are working on the restoration of a window by Jacques Le Chevallier, a 20th-century stained glass artist. "The biggest problem is contamination from a thick layer of lead dust," said Wittstadt, the scientific director of the glass workshop at Cologne Cathedral Builders Works, who is in charge of the restoration of four Notre Dame windows.
Iconic rose windows in good shape
Dirt, smoke and water used by the firefighters caused great damage to the church's interior. Fortunately, many precious relics and treasures were salvaged, and numerous works of art were merely soiled.
The flames spared the Gothic cathedral's world-famous rose windows, but some 19th and 20th century windows were damaged, including the four Le Chevallier clerestory windows in the nave of the church. Unlike many other of the cathedral's windows, these multicolored stained-glass windows are non-figurative.
For the most part, the 300 individual panes remained undamaged. Only individual bits need to be replaced or repainted. "This pane is shattered into many small pieces and our job is to complete it with a matching colored glass," said Wittstadt, pointing out an area of cracked glass.
Restoration work soon complete
Cleaning and repair work could have taken place on site in Paris, but the damage to the church vault was so great that the windows had to be removed. In November, a truck brought them to Cologne for the restoration work, which should be done by spring.
The experts first documented the damage before cleaning the windows in a decontamination chamber, gluing cracks, replacing broken pieces and repainting. The final step: Soldering the lead mesh and cementing the exterior.
France long debated whether or not to rebuild Notre Dame Cathedral as it was, or according to contemporary designs. Renovation and restoration is estimated to take five years. Time is short, because the church is scheduled to reopen next year on April 15, the fifth anniversary of the fire. But the repairs are likely to continue even afterwards. The total budget for the reconstruction is about €830 million ($895 million), mostly from funds pledged and donated.
Notre Dame remains a symbol of France
French President Emmanuel Macron made the reconstruction of Notre Dame, a UNESCO World Heritage Site since 1991, a top priority soon after the fire. For many people in France, Notre Dame has great emotional significance. The cathedral has seen many historical events, including the coronation of Emperor Napoleon in 1804 and the funeral of former President Charles de Gaulle in 1970. The bells of Notre Dame would ring out on important occasions, including to celebrate liberation from the Nazis in 1944. The 1956 film, "The Hunchback of Notre Dame," based on a novel by Victor Hugo, also boosted the cathedral's fame.
The 130-meter-long (427-foot) medieval Catholic church was built on the Seine island of Ile de la Cite, in the heart of Paris. Construction began in the 12th century, and today its two 69-meter-high main towers soar over the rooftops of the French capital, providing tourists with a magnificent view.
Up until the devastating fire in April 2019, up to 14 million people visited Notre Dame every year. It was the most visited site in France, even ahead of the Eiffel Tower, the Louvre and the Arc de Triomphe.
Close ties between the Builders' Works
If there is such a thing as a cathedral friendship, then it is would be between Notre Dame de Paris and Cologne Cathedral. Today, both are landmarks in their own cities.
"Our cathedral is very strongly influenced by the French Gothic style," said Matthias Deml. The Builders Works at both cathedrals are connected. The cathedral builders, organized in the Association of European Cathedral Builders, meet regularly for conferences.
"It is a great honor that we are allowed to work on Notre Dame," said Deml.
This article was originally written in German.